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For reasons that are still not completely understood, all of these cultures went into a sudden and permanent decline between approximately 13 AD, about a hundred years before contact with Europeans. The others include the Anasazi, centered around the Four Corners region where Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah meet the Sinagua, located around Flagstaff and along the Verde River of Arizona and the Mogollon, who occupied eastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and portions of the northern Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Occupying the region around modern-day Phoenix along the Salt and Gila Rivers, the Hohokam were one of several relatively advanced cultures in the American Southwest during that period. Vance, Northern Arizona University Anthropology Laboratories.The Hohokam were a prehistoric people that inhabited the Sonoran desert of central Arizona from about AD 300 to AD 1400. In Hohokam Farming on the Salt River Flood-plain: Refining Models and Analytical Methods, edited by T.
Hohokam native american update#
(2004) Update to the Middle Gila Buff Ware Ceramic Sequence. (2000) Prehistoric Painted Pottery of Southeastern Arizona. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(2):388-397.
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(2008) The Process, Location, and History of Hohokam Buff Ware Production: Some Experimental and Analytical Results. Coconino Red-on-buff and Winona Red-on-buff have Hohokam designs, but lack schist temper and are geographically separate.Ībbott, David.
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Schist temper is diagnostic of all Hohokam Buff Ware except for Casa Grande red-on-buff, which has distinctive Hohokam paste and designs. Incising: Bowl exteriors of earlier types horizontal, patterned, or unpatterned.Ĭomparisons: Estrella Red-on-gray is indistinguishable from other contemporaneous red-on-brown types, except by provenance.Design: All types of lines, repeated elements in parallel bands or panels, interlocking rectangular or curved scrolls, some negative designs, banding, panels of straight lines, hatching, concentric circles, chevrons and triangles, trailing lines, and fringe.Paint: Bright red, dull red, or purplish red.Paste Color: Buff, pink, white, tan, light brown, gray brown, and gray.įorms: Bowls and jars with flaring rims, Gila-shouldered jars, ollas, plates, rectangular vessels, scoops, censors.
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Surface Finish: Smoothed and slipped with a buff wash or creamy slip (early types unslipped) wiped or lightly polished mica often highly visible porous if vegetative material was present in the clay incised types smoothed on the interior only. Temper: Coarse-grained mica schist, sand, and calcium carbonate nodules. Types include: Estrella Red-on-gray, Casa Grande Red-on-buff, Gila Butte Red-on-buff, Sacaton Red-on-buff, Santa Cruz Red-on-buff, Snaketown Red-on-buff, and Sweetwater Red-on-gray.įiring: In a neutral to oxidizing atmosphere fire clouds common.Ĭore Color: Black, gray, buff, or brick-red. Although production centered in these areas, distribution of Hohokam Buff Ware reached west to the Gila Bend area, east to the San Francisco River, north to the Verde Valley, and south to the U.S.-Mexico border. Hohokam Buff Ware was the primary decorated type made in the Salt and Gila river valleys of central and southern Arizona. Click the image to open the Hohokam Buff Ware gallery. Sacaton Red-on-buff jar from the Museum of Northern Arizona collections.